Transformational Leadership Essays -- Leadership

James MacGregor Burns has defined leadership as â€Å"leaders inducing the followers to act for certain goals that represent the values and the motivations – the wants and needs, the aspirations and expectations – of both leaders and followers† (Burns 1978. p.19.) The concept of leadership as a whole encompasses different explanations, theories and leadership styles and has been popular not only from the organizational perspective but in the educational and political context as well. This essay aims to address the key concepts of Transformational leadership which belongs to the more recent approach taken towards leadership. From around the mid-19th century, social scientists have been engaged in understanding and developing the nature of leadership in social evolution. This has led to the development of various theories and approaches to leadership. The early approach to leadership began with the Great man theories and has gradually led to the formation of the ‘New Leadership Approach’ (Bryman 1992) which included ‘visionary’ (Sashkin 1998) , ‘charismatic’ (Conger 1989; Conger and Kanungo,1988; House 1977) or ‘Transformational models’ (Bass 1985; Tichy & Devanna,1986). While the early approaches to leadership focused on the traits of the leader the subsequent approaches gave more importance to additional variables such as skill level and the situational factors ( google- dads link) Review of Literature Max Weber’s (1947) approach to leadership was based on charisma and it was based on his approach that James MacGregor Burns proposed the theory of Transformational Leadership. In his book titled Leadership (1978), Bur... ...t of the early research on Transformational leadership Theory originated from studies that were conducted in the United States. Therefore there was a need to develop a UK version in order to address some of the problems of generalizability and to most importantly, determine whether the dimensions of Transformational Leadership that have emerged in the North American studies were similar to those found in the UK. (Alimo- Metcalfe & Alban –Metcalfe, 2001) What must be taken into account is the fact that Leadership as a part of the â€Å"New Paradigm Model’ has been viewed as a process of â€Å"Social Influence† (Bass 1998a, b; Bryman 1992). The main objective in developing and designing a UK instrument was to create one that is of practical value to managers at all levels (Alban-Metcalfe & Alimo-Metcalfe,2000) (MENTION 14 DIMENSIONS)

Why Sports

Why Sports!! Why wouldn't you play a sport? Everyone has something that they like that they are good at. Whether you are good at skating on ice, throwing balls, hitting balls, running, etc. , there are many different sports to learn about and play including baseball, basketball, hockey, and football. Just by observing these sports you might see you're into one that you like. I say everyone should play a sport. First of all baseball is a terrific team sport. It is a simple sport in that there is a diamond of bases and an outfield.Your goal on offense is that you want to hit the ball so that you are safe on one of the bases (the bases go clockwise). If the ball gets to the person on the base before you get there then you are out. On defense you are put in a certain position and if the ball comes to you on the ground you must throw it to which ever base that the runner is running to. If the ball is hit in the air and it's caught then you are automatically out. There are nine innings in baseball. An inning is the period which each team hits once. Choose this sport if you like a nice, aggressive team game.Basketball is another simple sport that consists of two baskets and one ball. The first basketball hoop was made of peach buckets. The goal is to shoot the ball into the basket that your team is going at. Each basket is worth 2 points but if you shoot it from beyond the three point line then you get three points. There are certain rules like you can't hold on to the ball and run or it's traveling. And there are physical fouls like slapping and tripping stuff like that. If you get fouled then you get foul shots which count as one point. Choose this sport if you want to develop coordination.Football is a physical sport with hard hitting and a lot of running. Football was so popular that Galileo played it. The goal of this game is to get the football to the touchdown zone. If you accomplish this there then you get six points and then you can try for the extra point. F or the extra point you have to kick the football through the field goal. In this game there are downs. If you obtain a 4th down then you will lose the football but if you make it past you have to get past the line then you keep the ball with a first down. Choose this sport if you like a fast, hard hitting game.Now if none of hose sports interest you then you might like calmer sports like golf, bowling, swimming or cheerleaders. Or there are extreme sports like sky diving, mountain climbing, cliff diving, air kicking volcano surfing, etc. Will not go into deep detail with these sports but if you are interested then check them hope you will hopefully try one of these sports for yourself. Sports out. Are fun and good exercise for your body. And even if you don't do sports then try to go out an hour a day.

Olaudah Equiano And Mary Rowlandson Essay - 1264 Words

Enduring through hard conditions, facing unbearable horror, and events that deteriorated their lives forever, both Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano share similar experiences they encountered in their lifetime, as well as differences, allowing us to compare the two and the hardships they faced. As Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano had variation between both of their experiences, such as gender roles and different ages and past life, they both experienced relatively the same horror nobody should have to experience ever. Many of the experiences both of them relatively sheltered included being kidnapped and held captive as slaves and merchants being sold and scarred. The horrors circumferenced by both Rowlandsons and Equiano allow us†¦show more content†¦Marys story tells of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. As Rowlandson endures through the hardships she is forced to face and overcome, she relies solely on God. Mary Rowlandson was a thirty-nine year old Puritan mother of three when she was taken during an Indian raid on her town in 1675. From the start, Rowlandson’s life changes drastically in a matter of weeks. Rowlandson is wounded as she endures along this journey, as it makes the journey that much more difficult, and her captors give her little empathy. Rowlandsons journey is defined as she goes through her story of the apathy of the Indians and her stay with the tribe. â€Å"About two hours in the night, my sweet babe like a lamb departed this life; I must and could lie down next to my dead babe, side by side all the night after.† (QUOTE IT). In comparison to Rowlandson, Olaudah Equiano was an eleven year old African boy taken from his home by slave traders. As Rowlandson had a strong relationship with her children, Equiano had a strong relationship with his mother. E quiano’s mother favored him, he being the youngest child, and was preparing him to later become a warrior. Rowlandson being enslaved was very unusual because white women were never the ones being enslaved, however on theShow MoreRelatedMary Rowlandson And Olaudah Equiano Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesabout captivity have often intrigued readers in Western culture. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano’s stories helped pave the way for stereotypes within both European and white culture; teaching Europeans to see Native Americans as cruel and allowing whites to see the evil in the American slave market. In both â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity† and â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano share their individual stories of being kidnapped and enslavedRead More Compare Contrast Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesmake up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of au thors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalities, purposes, attitudes, tones,Read MoreMary Rowlandson Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Native Americans, Mary Rowlandson, is a perfect example of how she felt threatened by them during this time, â€Å"I had often before this said that if the Indians should come, I should choose rather to be killed by them than taken alive, but when it came to the trial my mind changed; their glittering weapons so daunted my spirit, that I chose rather to go along with those (as I may say) ravenous beasts than that moment to end my days.† (Rowlandson, 129-130) Here, Rowlandson is frightened by the NativeRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesPreparatory Medit ations (1682-1725, pub. 1939, 1960) - Mary Rowlandson (1636-1711), A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson (1682) American Literature 1700-1820 From Colonies to Nation Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758), whose passionate sermons helped revive religious fervor during the â€Å"Great Awakening†Ã¯ ¼Ë†Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¨ §â€°Ã©â€ â€™Ã¨ ¿ Ã¥Å  ¨, 1730s-1740s) Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Paine (1737-1809) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Olaudah Equiano (1745?-1797) Philip Freneau (1752-1832) PhillisRead MoreThe History of American Literature3501 Words   |  15 Pagessermons and other religious writings dominated literature in America in the 1600s. John Cotton, Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams, and John Winthrop were among the most prominent religious writers. A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mary Rowlandson (1682). This work is a firsthand account by a colonist who was taken captive by Indians during King Philips War. It presents a dramatic tale of suffering and of Rowlandsons efforts to make sense of that suffering. Her story became the model