Shadow of a Vampire, Post Modernism

Vampire Essay The text Dracula was written in a time long before post-modernism, when Victorian values were considered important and issues relating gender were established. Nosferatu was also written in the time of modernism, where there was a sense in that western culture had lost its values. Shadow of a Vampire is a recent, post-modern text that focuses on the filming methods and techniques used to film Nosferatu. Using post-modern techniques that are comparable to satire in some scenes, Shadow of a Vampire combines the two gothic texts into a new text, using a film within a film technique.As previously noted, Dracula, Nosferatu and Shadow of a Vampire all incorporate a gothic sense as in they involve; a castle, shadows, a beam of moonlight in the blackness and the only source of light failing (a candle blown out or an electric failure). All these are used in the three texts to use imagery on black and white as good and evil, for example Christian values are good and promiscuous w oman are bad in Dracula. Shadow of a Vampire contradicts this by making the text set in Berlin during a time of massive drug use (particular morphine which gives you an effect quite like Draculas bite) and promiscuous activity was large.Shadow of a Vampire uses pastiche to imitate the filming of the original Nosferatu text, but normally adds its own twist to the stereotypical vampire story. Such as the scene in the night, after the building of the makeshift ship on the set count Orlak sneaks up on the two film producers, making the audience think that he is about to attack and kill them. He ends up drinking and getting drunk with them, and even eating a vampire bat in front them. A symbolic factor in all vampire stories is the bat but Orlak shows he has no care for the traditional modernist view in this scene.When Orlak is asked about how he feels about the book this triggers a text within a text within a text, being a movie based on Nosferatu making a mention on Dracula. The consta nt attempt by the film industry to portray real life events and make them timeless is completed through Murnau’s quote during the time he is filming a real life vampire killing people, only for a good shot. â€Å"Time will no longer be a dark spot on our lungs. They will no longer say ‘you had to have been there', because the fact is, Albin, we were. An example of this is the scene where Count Orlak asked for make-up before his scene, this is ironic because Orlak wants make-up to increase the illusion that he is a vampire to the audience when he actually is a vampire. The parallel between the film world and the vampire world is portrayed through various quotes which foreshadow and depict how the film industry is similar to a vampire. Greta says, when describing the film industry to the theatre acting life â€Å"the audience gives me life! This thing *pointing at camera* takes it away from me. This foreshadows how in the end scene she is killed by count Orlak as a sacr ifice for a perfect scene, in the film industry. The camera taking the life away from her parallels a vampire sucking the blood from her. The parallel between the film world and the vampire world is practiced when the timelessness of film gives immortality in Shadow of a Vampire and Dracula representing immortality in the book Dracula. The timelessness of film is shown in the scene in which Murnau promises count Orlak â€Å"everlasting life† in exchange for playing the part in the movie.Everlasting life is through filming, it is always shown in Christianity as a reward but this time it is promised through the medium of filming. This scene relates back to the strong religious views found in the time setting in Dracula and is a great example of the transformation techniques used in Shadow of a Vampire. The end scene of the Shadow of a Vampire where Murnau puts morphine into Greta’s system to put her into a dreamy state mirrors the bite of Dracula in the original book.Thi s is another example that the dominant character is in-fact the director and not the vampire. This is another example of the parallel between the characters and situations in the vampire and film world. All these factors have contributed to the transformation nature of Shadow of a Vampire in combining the three texts. The conjunction of themes of the gothic and the use of pastiche to imitate, the parallel between the film and vampire world while still maintaining a post-modern view are easily displayed in the film Shadow of a Vampire.Arguments * Parallel between Film and Vampire world * Pastiche to imitate a film, filming a story based on a book. The constant attempt to portray real life events * Gothic mode used in all three texts, in Dracula to represent Christian values and science as good and evil and in Shadow of a Vampire this is contradicted in the setting of the text where excessive drug use and sex is acted on frequently

The World Is Flat

Thomas Friedman in his recent book ‘The world is flat’ discusses a short history of globalisation in the twenty-first century. His discovering journey took him around the world to investigate the new concept in transnational business. He views himself as Columbus-like, but in a new modern word, in which he is searching for the sources of today’s wealth. Only to come to a rhetorical conclusion that the world is â€Å"flat† not round! His book, ‘The world is flat’ has been a subject to much criticism. His work was highly criticizes by Aronica and Ramdoo, (2006) in their book ‘The World is Flat? A Critical Analysis of Thomas Friedman’s New York Times Bestseller’. They point to the fact that Friedman does not use a single table or data footnote in his book. Friedman makes arguments by assertion, based on not documented facts, but makes his assumption based on stories from his journey around the world, visiting few places, and selected CEOs he visits on his journey.(Aronica & Ramdoo, 2006) Friedman in a research for his book visits India, where Nandan, the CEO of Infosys explains to him that; â€Å"the playing field is being leveled† causing Friedman to conclude that the world is flat. (Friedman, 2006 p.7) Friedman refers to a â€Å"flat world† in a metaphorical sense. He reiterates over and over again that â€Å"The world is flat†. In which he means that reducing barriers in trade and political and technical advances have made it possible to do business, instantly with any other businesses around the world, without the need to emigrate. It has allowed for parts of the world, which had previously been disconnected, like India and China, to compete in the world market. And that we are now connecting all the knowledge and expertise, using computers, email, fibre-optic networks and so on. Friedman argues that there are ten major forces that flattened the world, and describes each of the following â€Å"flatteners†. The fall of the Berlin Wall; or the work flow software; uploading; outsoursing; offshoring; insourcing; in-forming; and lastly he talks about steroids. Next Friedman delve into what he describes that the forces of flatness have resulted in â€Å"the triple convergence,† three additional components that acted on the flatteners to create a new, flatter global playing field. Friedman also states that â€Å"technology has made the world flat by removing geographical, hierarchical and other boundaries to trade†. In a flat world, Friedman writes, â€Å"you can innovate without having to emigrate. Yet, there are still many people in rural areas that have been left out and neglected of this global integration. People are migrating from rural areas to the big cities in search of jobs all the time, and this is what Friedman calls a ‘flat world’? Richard Florida,(2005) in his article ‘The World is spiky’ argues that â€Å"the globalisation has changed the playing field but it has not leveled it.†, Richard talks about â€Å"uneven distribution of the world’s population, light emissions, focusing on ‘peaks’ as of the cities that drive the world economy, and ‘valleys’ – places with little connection to the global economy.† Both authors seems to be right, but they both missing the point, using misleading metaphors. The paradox of these two metaphors is that the flattening of the world is creating a new prospect for even greater spikiness. Some would argue that it does not matter whether the world is spiky or flat. What does matter is where you live. Now, people have to compete and work harder than ever before. People in American are losing their jobs because someone on the other side of the world can do it faster and for less money. Technology makes it all more possible today to bring the world closer and make it more interconnected and interdependent.(Friedman, 2006) However, technological innovation by itself will never flatten the world, instead it tends to create inequalities by being inaccessible to less fortunate. Leamer (2007) in his critical review demonstrate that the technological revolution, economic integration and interaction increase the openness of trade and promote the production and transmission of information and knowledge in general. However, it is possible that increasing economic integration can lead to spatial agglomeration of economic activity rather than to a geographically ‘flatten pattern†. Process of globalization may as well wipe out space and distance between countries, then again, some will argue that in a global economy, competitive advantages are often heavily localized, arising from concentrations of highly specialised skills, knowledge and institutions. Friedman argues, that the world is getting flatter, incomes though, are not. Distribution of incomes within countries and between countries is growing greater. Nevertheless, all these arguments show that the world is not flat, never was and is not likely going to be in the near future. In second chapter, Friedman describes than Netscape went public and how Internet and World Wide Web came along and enabled more people to communicate and interact with more people anywhere on the planet, causing the Earth to flatten even more. In 2007 Foreign Policy magazine article, Pankaj Ghemawa, argued that ninety percent of the world’s web traffic, investments and phone calls are local, suggesting that Friedman has overstated the significance of the trends he describes. (Ghemawat, P. 2007). Friedman talks about ‘outsourcing’ of manufacturing and other processes to a foreign country to take advantage of less-costly labour. Outsourcing may indeed be good for the multinational corporations to stay competitive and survive, however, Arnica and Ramdoo (2006) in their book argue that, Friedman discuss in a favor of global corporations moving their operations overseas to exploit weak governments and cheap labor. Global corporations are not invested in the well-being of American workers and their local communities. Instead they go wherever they can to exploit cheap labor, lax environmental regulations and tax breaks. Stiglitz (2006) in his book points out that, the policy frameworks and laws are manipulated to be best suited for the industrial elites. Moving operations overseas is â€Å"cost cutting† to improve the financial performance of big corporations, without loyalty to one’s country. Their only loyalty is to increased profits and increased salaries of their directors. As a result of outsourcing, Many of American citizens, according to Friedman, are now worried about their careers, because some of the jobs they used to hold are now being performed outside the country for a much lower cost to their former companies. The reason behind the outsourcing is simply the cost. Indian workers can work for far less then American. The question is what will be the outcome of shipping all these jobs overseas? Some will argue that outsourcing less skilled work to emerging economies will raise living standards around the world. Workers in developing nations will get new and higher- paying jobs, and consumers in the U.S will be able to buy products that are cheaper than if they were made at home. Leamer (2007) argues that â€Å"it makes both parties worse off† saying â€Å"we get their wages and they get our culture. Outsourcing is occurring at a breathtaking pace, and as a result America is facing a big challenge because their jobs are at risk. Business services and finance is now at risk of being outsourced. And in the near future accounts, marketing and sales, and even human recourses will be shipped overseas in the name of cost saving. We are not only outsourcing business processes, but also moving process of innovations. Overall, this is good for global economy, but the U.S. workforce will face drastic career changes and pressures on wages subject to competition from foreign labor. Thus, what is good for some might not be good for others. Another example given by Mr. Friedman that stroked me is how Southwest Airlines let you issue your own boarding pass online twenty-four hours before the flight. What if you forget to print out your ticket? This is just a simple demonstration of declining quality of services a customer receives in a flatten world. I would argue that while the flat world has done extremely well for many industries and people around the world, Friedman but does not realized that the more flatten world brings many dark sides of globalisation along with it. The global financial system is more unbalanced, the threats of climate change are stronger and there is more international terrorism. The Friedman is reinforcing a wrong message to its audience for peace, loyalty and prosperity. Thomas Friedman points out that different parts of the world are now more connected because convergence of technology, information systems and telecommunications systems that created a ‘global platform’ is shrinking the world, and enabling each of us to reach around the world faster and cheaper than ever before! Yes, there have been some dramatic changes and transformation in the world economy, and we are now more connected than ever before, however the world is not flat. (Stiglitz, 2006). Stiglitz in his book ‘Making globalization work’ (2006) touches various aspects of globalization that is destroying the developing countries and their aspirations to provide a decent living to their citizens. He talks about egotistic intellectual property laws, the unfair trade mechanisms and many more critical points to complete success of globalization. Mr Friedman appreciates the existence of global poverty but fails to explain its structural and geopolitical causes.

Perception and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perception and Conflict - Essay Example that sets the different vectors of power in a modulated manner that they are primarily applied to support the differences of each individual living within the human communities around the world. Making use of conflict as an agent of equalizing the differences, business organizations are sure to gain strength from the said idealism. As mentioned earlier, competition among organizational members is one particular form of conflict. However, instead of seeing it as a major source of conflict of differences in the organization, it could be used as the key matter that could motivate people in achieving higher than what the others is able to achieve. In this track, the conflict of competition is already viewed as something that is healthy for the organizations’ sake. However on the part of Reno and Frank, the conflict growing between them involves more than just competition. It involves the wrong perception towards the need to communicate to each other and the difference of their belief towards the need to work with the problem that they are facing. Yes, in this regard, dealing with the situation usually involves more than just making amends between the two different ongoing opinions between two different individuals or groups at that, who are thriving within a certain single organization. The conflicts between people and how each undeniable misunderstanding occurs are based in a process of conversing, interpreting and wrong response. To understand further, here are some of the communication problems that occur which usually turns into different levels of relationship conflicts: This is the way by which a person intends to manipulate the thinking of the other person through questioning the attitudes of the other. Not only that, the situation usually aggravates the questioning of the attitude of the other towards the other person. Robert Bolton comments on the matter saying: â€Å"Many of us feel we need to be critical, or other people will never improve we make a

Assignment Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment Degree - Essay Example Numerical root-finding methods use iteration, producing a sequence of numbers that hopefully converge towards a limit (the so called "fixed point") which is a root. The first values of this series are initial guesses. The method computes subsequent values based on the old ones and the function f. The bisection method is based on the fact that a function will alter sign when it passes through zero. The bisection method can halve the size of the interval in each iteration and eventually find the root by evaluating the function at the middle of an interval and replacing whichever limit has the same sign. False position method is an algorithm of the prior estimate for which the function value has opposite sign from the function value at the current best estimate of the root. In this method, the root is bracketed. Similar to the secant method, the false position method also uses a straight line to approximate the function in the local region of interest. The secant method is based on the assumption that the function is approximately linear in the local region of interest and uses the zero-crossing of the line connecting the limits of the interval as the new reference point. The next iteration starts from evaluation of the function at the new reference point, and then it forms another line. The process is repeated up to the time of finding root. The Newton-Raphson method finds the slope (the tangent line) of the function at the current ... The process is repeated until the root is found. 5. Fixed Point Iteration: It is a method of computing fixed points of iterated functions. For example, given that a function f defined on the real numbers having real values and given a point x0 in the domain of f, the fixed point iteration is which gives rise to the sequence which is hoped to converge to a point x. If f is continuous, then one can prove that the obtained x is a fixed point of f, i.e., f(x) = x. 6. Muller's Method: Muller's method is generalized from the secant method, in the sense that it does not require the derivative of the function. It is an iterative method that needs three starting points, , and .A parabola is constructed that passes through the three points; then the quadratic formula is used to find a root of the quadratic for the next approximation.The following equation generalizes the secant method of root finding by using quadratic 3-point interpolation : Then the following is defined : (2) (3) (5) The next iteration is described by this equation: Source : Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I.A. (Eds). Handbook of Mathematical Functions with formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th

English medium education for people whose first language is not Essay

English medium education for people whose first language is not English - Essay Example The introduction of colonists’ language faced resistance from many parents in Malaysian society as they took it as the return of the colonist and feared the loss of their own language - their national identity. It is note-worthy that the business class parents or those involved in media or politics knew the value of learning the English Language so favoured it. Another issue was the insufficient availability of skilled teachers, especially within rural areas. This led the government to introduce both mediums of education while emphasizing on mastering English as a foreign language, parents were left to choose which way they wanted their children to learn, which in return brought discrimination in society. Mr. Mahathir, the Prime Minister, who introduced this policy showed his sadness over the decision of moving back to Malaya to educate children as it would bring difficulties for the students to cope with scientific developments in the future (Gooch, 2009). In the video clip w e are given a clear idea that the Malaysian government was familiar with the significance of English language regarding the success of the country, but resistance from certain people towards learning English came because of the colonial history and after independence there was a political desire to promote Malaya. Later, when the need to learn English was accepted by Malaysians, there aroused a

The World Film Journal- the movie Rain by Maria Govan Essay

The World Film Journal- the movie Rain by Maria Govan - Essay Example To her dismay, Rain discovers that her mother stays in Graveyard, which is a neighborhood for desperately poor people living within HIV-AIDS. Glory’s life revolves around drugs despite the high level of poverty experienced at the island (Bahamasmovie.com). When Rain reaches the Graveyard which, as Magdaline explains, is a land that becomes difficult to leave when someone gets in it, she starts new harsh life. When Rain realizes that the life in Graveyard is too harsh, she sets to discover her strength. Amazingly, Rain discovers that she is good at running, and she joins the team that is to represent the Bahamas in track events. However, training and equipment become non-affordable for her until Mrs. Adams assists her. Mrs. Adams gives Rain a light but touching lecture on determination, zeal, and acceptance in a bid to make her (Rain) stronger and more focused onto attaining her goals and objectives through running (Bahamasmovie.com). Magdaline’s quest to run for Miss Ba hamas Contest gives Rain motivation and courage that there are people in her environment who can survive and stay away from drugs. It is amazing that when Rain requires fifty dollars to register in a school, Glory is unable to find the sum, yet she spends approximately fifty dollars or more a day on drugs. She is forced to save for at least three months to obtain the money. This film is all about a young girl who finds herself between dread environment and confrontation of the fact that she wants to live with someone she has never known before, thus, reaching out for her inner self to find the best out of her (Bahamasmovie.com). Narrative Structure Maria Govan reaches out to the audience through striking a visual sense aimed at providing a reflection of contrasts existing between idyllic setting and the harsh realities found within the Bahamas. Such visual sense enhances visualization of the actual picture by the viewers, thus, making it easier to follow the main idea of the film. R ain’s grandmother cautioned her against going to look for the mother. Nonetheless, after the grandmother’s demise, Rain visualizes sense that she can barely care for herself, hence, the search for her mother. In the foreign land, Rain also visualizes some sense from the behavior and lifestyle of the mother, hence, does not give up in her quest to finding the best out of her leading to discover her talent in running. In making all these decisions, Rain considers both sides of the coin, the ideals and realities in Bahamas. For instance, the ideal situation is that she can continue staying with her grandmother, but the reality is that she is too young and incapable of taking care of her needs (Bahamasmovie.com). For this reason, she decides to go out in search for her mother. In addition, Maria talks about the reality that however much the residents try, they can never attain a given lifestyle, especially that experienced by tourists. Maria also uses the idea of everyday beauty within communities and societies to develop the storyline. This proves to be very useful, especially in understanding how the various experiences of marginalized residents of the Bahamas undergo in their daily lives. Consequently, the film director is able to reach many viewers through her narrative structure and style. This makes The Rain one of the best movies watched by a huge magnitude of spectators. Surprisingly, the author does

Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Design - Essay Example The issues with designing research problems, methods and studies can be put into a few categories: Choice of experiment design such as the usage of qualitative or quantitative data, the nature of the hypothesis at question, moral and ethical concerns, countering for bias and experimental error, and designing models that allow factors such as causation to be confidently discussed. Creswell argues that variables should be defined in three categories: Independent, dependent and control (2009, 151). Independent variables are those that the researcher can control, dependent variables are ones that the researcher expects to be changed, â€Å"dependent† on the independent variable. It's important to note that, when research examines correlations about data, the choice of the independent and dependent variable can become arbitrary: A causal model has to be established by more than just declaring which is independent and which is dependent. If I am saying that height and weight are cor related, I can have height be the independent variable that leads to changes in the dependent variable of weight or I can do it vice versa: The results and the correlations will be identical. Where the independent and dependent variable matters are for experiments or for situations where causality can be argued due to a complex model. In the case of an experiment, the independent variable is what is being administered and the dependent variable what is being observed. In this case, it is impossible to swap them: Offering people medication and seeing if it cures their migraines with a placebo study is rather different from offering people migraines and seeing if it produces a cure. Control variables are, in any complex model, by far the most important. This is because the only way to control for spuriousness is to control for all possible confounding variables. There is undoubtedly a correlation between the amount of homeless people and the amount of doctors in a city, but neither ca use the other: The city's size controls for both. Experimental designs control by making sure groups are identical, whereas data analysis controls by making sure that data points are compared that are identical in every way aside from the difference being analysed. A simple study that makes a correlation between education and eventual income has to control for, among other factors, race, socioeconomic status of parents, wealth of social networks, perceived quality of college, actual quality of college, gender, sexual orientation and dozens of other factors to be clearly meaningful. The design of the study must also be determined to be quantitative, qualitative or mixed. Creswell (2009) defines qualitative procedures as â€Å"rely[ing] on text and image data† and argues that qualitative procedures are ones that cannot be easily enumerated. Note that asking someone, â€Å"How does this make you feel?† and writing down their response is qualitative while asking â€Å"How does this make you feel, from 1 to 9, one being worst and nine being best†, is quantitative even though both are asking about the same phenomenon,

Fruit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fruit - Essay Example Sit tight, this is going to be one intellectually enlightening experience. According to Rakesh Mohan Hallen (â€Å"Taste and Smell†) the chemical composition of fruits dictate the flavor that we taste within it. He further explains that: â€Å"During the process of the ripening of a fruit or roasting or frying a papad the chemical substances present in them undergo some chemical changes, which transforms the structure of some of the molecules that elicit a particular taste.(Allen,Rakesh, Mohan, â€Å"Taste and Smell†). This would mean that the level of fructose, glucose, acid, and citric aid within fruits dictate the final sweetness or sourness of the ripened fruit (Mawuli, 2011). Seed dispersal is actually an interesting topic of which very little is known. What we do know however, is that the ripening of a fruit helps in seed dispersal because the seed pods of over ripened fruits tend to burst open thus scattering the seeds into the wind for depositing over vast land areas. Humans have also helped in propagating seed dispersal because of our tendency to carry fruit trees and plants that we consider decorative when we migrate from one place to another thus allowing for the spread of fruit and vegetable crops throughout various territories. (Hodag, 2011). However, considering that human beings tend to create fecal matter that is not deposited back into the soil but rather in sewer systems and land fills, human beings tend to disrupt the balance when it comes to seed dispersal because the seeds do not get back into the soil as a fertilizer as it would normally do when consumed by wild animals and the like. Now as we all know, polysaccharides, also known as starch, is a molecule that is not easily digested in its original form. It must be broken down into simpler forms such as fructose, which is a monosaccharide, in order to metabolize it. In fruits, these

Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment Research Paper

Freedom of Expression As Curtailed In the First Amendment - Research Paper Example This research is being carried out to establish the source from which the concept of Sedition is originated. In the US for instance, the Constitution as evidenced in the First Amendment provides for freedom of religion and expression. Similar constitutes on free speech, press, Â  and to petition assembly and address for grievances, and the implied rights of association and belief. The Supreme Court’s interpretation of the degree of protection accorded by these rights also applies to the federal government in its entirety. Moreover, the Court has on a number of occasions applied an interpretation technique to the due process as curtailed in the Fourteenth Amendment as a clause meant to protect individuals from interference by state governments. fundamental components of liberty of expression include the right of autonomy to speech and press independence. Freedom of expression permits people to communicate without any form of intrusion from the authority. The Supreme Court has prominence on matters involving the government and interference to press freedom and freedom of association. The content-neutral legislation applies such strict mechanisms. The Supreme Court further documented the fact that a federal or central government posses power. This prevents speech that might facilitate a breach of the peace or promote aggression. The concept of sedation originated as a provision for rights to freedom and expression as provided in the country’s constitution. Sedition Sedation is defined as issuing statements that are likely to incite the public against the government. Sedition is a common law offense that is usually expressed through acts of intention aimed at Generating hatred between the public and the government Cause an unlawful issuance or publication of materials that dishonors the government Considering the points stated above, sedation could be described as unlawful language that may jeopardize state’s security. A statement or an action is considered an act of sedation if it threatens state’s security or incites hatred among the people. This description raises serious issues on the role of press freedom and the ability to sustain a free press. Certainly, press freedom and freedom of expression cannot thrive in the midst of sedation. Brief Historical Origin of the Concept The concept of sedation was developed in 1798 and 1801, following the threats of a French invasion. Prior to the developments, nearly twenty-six individuals had been charged in the federal court for publishing or collaborating in the printing of counterfeit news. In addition, people would be charged in a court of law for speaking in public with the intention of undermining the regime. Media house owners and other prominent personalities were detained and charged with treason and unlawful conduct. For example, publishing an article on John Adams the US led to the arrest of the journalist behind the story. In this case, political opponents of the government were the main defendants. The prosecution and judicial preceding raised heated debate on the role of a free press within a democratic country. The first federal trial connected to the case led to a widespread public uproar that threatened the credibility of the judicial service. This promoted discussions on political impudence and the role of judges on press freedom matters. The case further raised concern on the relationship between the state and the judiciary. Arguably, the judiciary is supposed to be an independent state authority that is free from the influence of the government. The Act which was passed in July 1798 but which until now has been subjected to numerous amendments, has provision for the punishment of people and journalists who make false declarations with the intentionally of defaming the federal

Motivation based on the Video Case.Dick Learns About Tipping Case Study

Motivation based on the Video .Dick Learns About Tipping - Case Study Example It can either be positive or negative. In the video, Dick Solomon promises the waitress that there is one pile of one dollar bills and calls it ‘potential tip’(stimulant). This indicates that the tip will not just be unleashed for the normal service but for satisfactory service (the desire). He then tells the waitress that if he is pleased, the pile of the tip grows (positive reinforcement). Otherwise if unsatisfied, the pile shrinks (negative stimulus). As the waitress places the drinks on the table, she serves Mary the Dick’s drunk and vice versa. At that point, Dick interchanges the drinks and goes further to penalize the waitress for that mistake as they earlier agreed. The waitress does not know the salad dressings and again the pile shrinks. On bringing the dressings, the first one doesn’t appeal Dick and he goes on to deduct the tip but on tasting the second one, he finds it nice and adds some more bills to the tip. The waitress now more enthusiastic comes with two alternatives of what the two would have for dinner. Dick is dissatisfied by the options and decides to reduce the tip. At that point the waitress reactions show displeasure (the undesirable behavior). The expectancy theory assumes that people will perform better when they believe money will follow effective performance (Spector, p. 235-257). If money has a positive value for an individual, higher performance is expected (the waitress is happy when a tip is proposed). For a staff, outcomes are outcomes that are highly valued and high expectations will direct a person to make greater effort in the task (depicted by the waitress enthusiasm). In this video, Dick’s strategy was not successful. This is depicted where Mary has to come in between Dick and the waitress to be a reconciler. Mary decides to pay the meals as she saw that both Dick and the waitress were unpleased by each other. To increase the success of his attempts to motivate the waitress, Dick could hav e employed the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory explains how goal setting importantly relates to job performance. It states that clear and challenging goals with feedback lead to better job performance (Locke, Edwin, & Gary, p388). Goals give direction of what is expected thus indicates the efforts required. In this scenario of Dick, he could have stated from the word go what he specifically wanted. He ordered the drinks well without waiting for the waiter to suggest for him the variety of drinks they served. Similarly, he could have done so for the meal. In so doing, it would have been easier for the waitress to serve them efficiently because the goals are specific, clear, and realistic. The waitress serving her clients was an enough motivator for her to see her clients (Dick and Mary) satisfied. Again, if Dick’s feedback was appropriate as it is advocated for in this theory, the waitress could have served them better. After the waitress mentioned the type of m eal they offered, Dick just rushed to reducing the tip. Instead, he could have explained his displeasure and could have been served well. Tommy and Harry’s behavior was influenced by equity and reinforcement theories. Equity theory advocates the principle of balance, fairness and justice. Ones motivational level is thus measured against his level of perception of equity. In our case, when Tommy is standing he receives tips from two passersby while Harry who is sited receives from one passerby. On realizing this,

Target based industry Essay Example for Free

Target based industry Essay How will you influence people to strive willingly for group objectives in your organization (Target based industry)? Apply your interpersonal influence through communication process towards attaining your specialized goals? Answer: Group objectives essentially mean that a group of individuals recruited into an organization have the same objectives to achieve in the same time frame. There can be many such groups in an organization having their own group objectives. For Example: A medical device company can have a group, whose objective is to carry out research and development in a selected field of medicine. Whereas in the same company there is a group, whose objective is to market the medical device to a target population and another group whose objective is to ensure particular number of sales per month for that device. Usually when such groups have 10 or more individuals, it is often noted that even though the group achieves their objectives successfully, there will always be a percentage of individuals who are not as efficient as the others. Hence these never strive willingly for the objectives because they know that in-spite of their low efforts or motivation, the objectives will eventually be achieved. This can discourage the others who are working hard and over a period of time the objectives will be difficult to achieve as demands increase and the efforts are submaximal from the team. Hence, it is vital to influence people to strive willingly in order to have a more efficient and successful team. Here are a few suggested ways that I would use to influence people to strive willingly in order to attain group objectives: a. Influencing intrinsic factors – Monetary incentives, bonuses, reasonable salaries. These are important as basic monetary requirements of an employee must be adequately fulfilled to ensure they remain loyal to the company and don’t go looking for better offers and work half – heartedly.

Geography Assignment- Globalisation of sport Essay Example for Free

Geography Assignment- Globalisation of sport Essay Basketball: A. When and where did the game originate? Basketball was first invented in 1891. But the first formal rules were devised in 1982. Basketball was first originated in America at a school called Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) by a group of boys. B. When and where the game was first played in Australia? The game was first played in 1905. It was first played also at YMCA but in Melbourne. C. How is this sport played? What are the basic rules? The game is played with a round ball and two teams with five players each. (Two guards, two forwards, and a centre.) The referee starts the game by tossing the ball in the air between the two opposing centre players, standing at the centre of the circle of the playing arc. The player who hits the ball may then pass, throw, tap or dribble the ball in any direction. The aim of this game is throwing the ball in the opponent’s basket while preventing the other team from getting the ball and scoring goals. The basic rules are: If you run or walk with the ball that is called travelling, which means the other team gets the ball. If the ball is thrown over the basket it is considered out of bounds, which means the team who had it loses position of the ball, if you stop dribbling and start dribbling again it is known as double dribble, each team can only have up to 5 substitutes, two points given for a field goal, the games go for 40 minutes broken into halves, one point is rewarded for a free throw and you can not do any contact. D.Where is the sport played overseas? Map on the back E.Adaptions i. How has the game been adapted for different contexts/localities It has been adapted by different forms. This means different ways of playing basketball. ii. Why has the game been adapted? A reason it has been adapted is: So all participants can be involved. E.G: people who can’t do anything with their legs, wheelchair basketball was invented. F.For your sport list five Australia players who play overseas and who they play for, and five overseas players who play in Australia and who they play for. Present this information in a table.

Introduction Of Engine Block

Introduction Of Engine Block Until recently, cast iron and aluminum alloys have been successfully used to manufacture most diesel and conventional gasoline-powered engine blocks. However, with a greater emphasis on increasing the efficiency of the engine via weight reduction, there is a search for alternative alloys that are lighter than cast iron and aluminum alloys, while retaining the necessary strength to withstand the forces of an engine. In the late 1990s engine blocks made from plastic and other experimental materials were being used in prototype cars with the hope of developing more lightweight, efficient vehicles . Also lately new manufacturing processes have been developed that have brought to light two new alloys suitable for use in an engine block, magnesium alloy AMC-SC1 and compacted graphite cast iron (CGI). Thus this project will cover, the functional requirements of the engine block, the processes used to manufacture the part, and the mechanical properties of the alloys. INTRODUCTION: Todays engines are an integral component of an automobile that are built in a number of configurations and are considerably more complex than early automotive engines. The use of lighter and stronger engineering materials to manufacture various components of the engine has also had an impact allowing engineers to increase the power-to-weight of the engine, and thus the automobile. Since the engine block is also a relatively large component, it constitutes 20-25% of the total weight of an engine. Thus there is much interest in reducing the blocks weight.[Keay, Sue: Diet of Australian metal lightens cars and pollution, Media release, 14 October 2002.] Many early engine blocks were manufactured from cast iron alloys primarily due to its high strength and low cost. But, as engine designs became more complicated, the weight of the engine (and thus the vehicle) had increased. Thus the need to come up with lighter alloys that were as strong as cast irons arose. One such material that was being used as a substitute was aluminum alloys. Together, these two metals were used exclusively to fabricate engine blocks. Lately , however, a new material process has made a magnesium alloy suitable for use in engines. The alloy, called AMC-SC1, weighs less than both cast iron and aluminum alloys and represents new possibilities in engine manufacturing. A new manufacturing process have made compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) a viable alternative to gray cast iron for the manufacture of diesel engine blocks. Like magnesium alloys, this material offers a higher strength and lower weight than gray cast iron. Thus this section will cover materials used to manufacture engine blocks , component discussion, its functional requirements, and the materials used to manufacture the part. The mechanical properties of the individual alloys will be incorporated, along with the manufacturing processes used to fabricate the component. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT: WHAT IS AN ENGINE BLOCK? : The engine block is vital structure of vehicles which run on internal combustion, providing the powerhouse for the vehicle. The engine block is termed a block because it is usually a solid cast, housing the cylinders and their components inside a cooled and lubricated crankcase .Common components found in an engine include pistons, camshafts, timing chains,rocker arms, and other various parts. When fully stripped of all components, the core of the engine can be seen: the cylinder block. The cylinder block (popularly known as the engine block) is the strongest component of an engine that provides much of the housing for the hundreds of parts found in a modern engine. The block is typically arranged in a V, inline, or horizontally-opposed (also referred to as flat) configuration and the number of cylinders range from either 3 to as much as 16. Figure 1 shows engine blocks with V configuation. opposed configurations. Functional Requirements of a Cylinder Block: Because engine blocks are a critical component of an engine, it must satisfy a number of functional requirements. These requirements include withstanding high cycle fatigue stresses, thermal strains, and aggressive wear conditions over the full life of the engine, housing internal moving parts and fluids, ease of service and maintenance. REQUIRED MATERIAL PROPERTIES: The one-dimensional era of engine design is finished. The current approach considers the loads acting at each point of the engine block. (Vollrath, 2003) In order for an engine block to meet the above functional requirements, the engineering material(s) used to manufacture the the cylinder block material should have adequate strength and rigidity in compression, bending, and torsion. This is necessary to resist the gas pressure loads and also for the components, which convert the reciprocating motion of individual piston into a single rotary motion. The cylinder-block material should (a) be relatively cheap, (b) readily produce castings with good impressions, (c) be easily machined, (d) be rigid and strong enough in both bending and torsion, (e) have good abrasion resistance, (f) have good corrosion resistance, (h) have a high thermal conductivity,(to prevent failure under high temperatures). (i) retain its strength at high operating temperatures, and (J) have a relatively high thermal expansion, low density.(to resist expanding under high operating temperatures) High strength is a particular concern in diesel engines, since compression ratios are normally 17.0:1 or higher compared to about 10.0:1 for conventional engines. , and thermal conductivity . Good machinability and castability of the metal alloy are also important factors in selecting the proper material, as the harder it is to machine the product, the higher the costs of manufacturing. In addition to the previously mentioned properties, the alloys must possess good vibration damping to absorb the vibrations of the moving parts. METALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CYLINDER BLOCKS: Based on the functional requirements of the cylinder block and the material properties required to meet the functional requirements, industries have used cast iron and aluminum alloys to manufacture the blocks. EXISTING MATERIALS: 1)Cast iron alloys are used because of the combination of good mechanical properties, low cost, and availability. 2)Certain aluminum alloys combine the characteristics of iron alloys with low weight, thereby making the material more attractive to manufacturers who are seeking a competitive edge. NEW MATERIALS: 3)Compacted graphite cast iron is lighter and stronger than gray cast iron, making the alloy a more attractive alternative to the latter in the production of cylinder blocks, particularly in diesel engines. 4)Magnesium alloys, which were previously unsuited for use as an engine block material, have the advantage of being the lightest of all the mentioned metals, yet still retains the required strength demanded by a block. 1)GRAY CAST IRON ALLOYS: Gray cast iron alloy have been the dominant metal that was used to manufacture conventional gas-powered engine blocks. Though extensive use of aluminum alloys has minimized the popularity of this material, it still finds wide use in diesel-fueled blocks, where the internal stresses are much higher. The use of cast iron blocks has been wide spread due to its low cost and good formability. Generally types of gray cast iron of pearlite microstructure is used in the manufacturing of engine block. Gray cast iron alloys typically composition: A typical cast iron is a gray cast iron, which contains 2.5-4 wt.% carbon, 1-3 wt.% silicon, 0.2-1.0 wt.% manganese, 0.02-0.25 wt.% sulfur, and 0.02-1.0 wt.% phosphorus [Anyalebechi, P.N.: Essentials of Materials Science Engineering, January 2005, p. 94.]. and the balance (93.6%) iron. The carbon improves lubrication property of graphite, the silicon controls the formation of a laminated structure, called pearlite, which has good wear resistance, and the manganese strengthens and toughens the iron structure. A common aluminium alloy composition is 11.5% silicon, 0.5% manganese, and 0.4% magnesium, with the balance (87.6%) aluminium. The high silicon content in this alloy reduces expansion but improves cast-ability, strength, and abrasion resistance, while the other two elements strengthen the aluminium structure. While this alloy provides a good corrosion resistance, it can absorb only moderate shock loads. Types of cast iron used in engine block: SAE grade G2500- used for small engine blocks. SAE grade G3500-used for heavy and larger diesel engine blocks. Also some ductile iron are also used in manufacturing engine blocks. SAE AMS 5313C: mechanical properties: [alloying: understanding the basics , by joseph R devis.] Grade or class Hardness HB(a) Tensile strength min(b) MPa Yield strength min(b) MPa Elongtion in 50 mm(2in),%(b) Class A 190 max 414 310 15 Gray cast iron has excellent damping capacity, good wear and temperature resistance, is easily machinable, and is inexpensive to produce. However, gray cast irons are relatively weak and are prone to fracture and deformation. Although cast iron meets most of these requirements, it has a low thermal conductivity and is comparatively heavier. Due to these limitations, light aluminium alloys have been used as alternative cylinder-block materials for petrol engines. Cylinder liners are optional with cast-iron blocks; but are more essential with the relatively soft light aluminum alloy blocks, as they cannot directly withstand wear resistance. Because of the lower strength of the aluminum alloys, the blocks are cast with thicker sections and additional support ribs, so that their weight becomes about half of the equivalent cast-iron blocks. Due to these problems, compacted graphite iron has recently begun to compete with gray cast iron as the choice material to produce diesel engine blocks. COMPACTED GRAPHITE CAST IRON: Compacted graphite cast iron (CGI), which was accidentally discovered while trying to produce ductile cast iron, possesses higher tensile strength and elastic modulus than gray cast iron due to the compacted graphite found on the microstructure of CGI. Figure 8 CGI typical microstructure: 5% nodularity, 9% graphite, 265 particles/mm2. 3. CGI a new combination of properties: As shown in Fig. 8, the compacted graphite iron graphite particles appear as individual worm-shaped or vermicular particles. The particles are elongated and randomly oriented as in gray iron; however they are shorter and thicker, and have rounded edges. The compacted graphite morphology inhibits crack initiation and growth and is the source of the improved mechanical properties, as compared to gray iron. Compacted graphite iron invariably includes some nodular (spheroidal) graphite particles. As the nodularity increases, the strength and stiffness also increase, but only at the expense of castability and thermal conductivity (Guesser et all, 2001). It is usual to set a limit of 20% nodularity for CGI specifications. Table 1 shows mechanical properties of CGI, with grades from 300 to 500 MPa. In the case of cylinder blocks and heads, where castability, machinability and heat transfer are all of paramount importance, it is necessary to impose a more narrow specification. A typical specification for a CGI cylinder block or head can be summarised as follows: 1) 0-20% nodularity, for optimal castability, machinability and heat transfer 2) No free flake graphite, flake type graphite (as in grey iron) causes local weakness 3) >90% pearlite, to provide high strength and consistent properties 4) This general specification will result in a minimum-measured tensile strength of 450 MPa in a 25 mm diameter test bar, and will satisfy the ISO 16112 Compacted Graphite Iron standard for Grade GJV 450. The typical mechanical properties for this CGI Grade, in comparison to conventional grey cast iron and aluminium are summarised in Table 1: Mechanical and Physical Propertiesof CGI in comparison to conventional grey cast iron and aluminium at 20 °C Property Units GJV 450 GJL 250 GJL 300 A 390.0 Ultimate Tensile Strength MPa 450 250 300 275 Elastic Modulus GPa 145 105 115 80 Elongation % 1 to 2 0 0 1 Rotating-Bending Fatigue 20 °C) MPa 210 110 125 100 Rotating-Bending Fatigue (225 °C) MPa 205 100 120 35 Thermal Conductivity W/m-K 36 46 39 130 Thermal Expansion ÃŽÂ ¼m-m-K 12 12 12 18 Density g/cc 7.1 7.1 7.1 2.7 Brinnell Hardness BHN 10-3000 215-255 190-225 215-225 110-150 The results allow the comparison between CGI and gray iron. It can be seen the increase on tensile strength, moving from gray iron to CGI. CGI also shows a higher elastic modulus, when compared to gray iron. [- Mechanical properties of gray iron and CGI grades 400-450. 195-230 HB. Samples taken from the castings (Guesser, 2003)]. Figure 10 [Elastic modulus of gray iron and CGI grade 400. 12.0L I6 cylinder block (Guesser, 2003).] The results in Figure 10 were obtained from two sources: test bars and main bearings of a 12.0L cylinder block. The increase in elastic modulus, from 100 GPa for gray iron to 150 GPa for CGI, results in slighter cylinder bore distortion as reported by Tholl et all (1996), therefore reducing oil consumption and emissions. Results of fatigue strength tests can be seen on figure 11, comparing gray iron grade 250 and CGI grade 450, samples from an I6 5.9L diesel cylinder block. The fatigue limit for the gray iron is 62-79 MPa, depending on the carbon content, while for the CGI the fatigue limit is 175 MPa. The raise of fatigue strength allows the designer to reduce the cylinder block weight. As a result of mechanical properties improvements, a design study conducted by AVL Austria (Sorger Holland, 1999) has evaluated downsizing opportunities for a 1.8 L diesel engine cylinder block, converting from gray iron to CGI. The benefits of this conversion included: 1)9% reduction in overall weight of the finished engine 2) 22% reduction in weight of machined cylinder block 3) 15% reduction in overall length of the finished engine 4) 5% reduction in both; height and width of the finished engine Like gray cast iron, compacted graphite cast iron has good damping capacity and thermal conductivity, but its difficulty to machine has limited the wide-scale use of CGI. A new manufacturing process, however, has opened the way for larger applications of CGI. The development of rotary insert tools has increased the life of the tools used to machine the metal, thus allowing manufacturers to use CGI without worrying about purchasing new tools [Georgiou, George: Iron engines may be in your future, Tooling Production, September 2003, Vol. 69, issue 9, p. 26.]. MAGNESIUM ALLOYS: Magnesium alloys have been used in engines before, but not for cylinder blocks. Rather. The main advantage of this alloy is that the material is much lighter than cast iron and aluminum alloys and has the same strength as cast iron and aluminum alloys[Lampman, Steven: Tuning Up the Metals in Auto Engines, Advanced Materials Processes, May 1991, p. 17.][Anonymous, Magnesium alloy resists high temperature in engine blocks, Advanced Materials and Processes, August 2003, vol. 161, issue 8, p. 13.]. Material scientists and engineers were determined to exploit these characteristics of magnesium alloy and use it to fabricate engine blocks. There were a number of magnesium alloys available that met or exceeded the requirements demanded by manufacturers for an engine block, but insufficient material stability at high temperatures hindered their actual use. Following are the two alloys which have been found suitable for mass production of engine blocks. AMC-SC1: In 2003 material scientists and engineers from the Cooperative Research Center for Cast Metals Manufacturing and the Australian Magnesium Corporation presented their discovery of sand-cast AMC-SC1 magnesium alloy [Anonymous, Magnesium alloy resists high temperature in engine blocks, Advanced Materials and Processes, August 2003, vol. 161, issue 8, p. 13.]. This grade of magnesium alloy contains two rare earth elements, lanthanum and cerium, and was heat-treated with T6. This stabilizes the strength of the alloy at high engine operating temperatures, which is a necessary requirement for a cylinder block material [16]. Bettles et al. had performed experiments to determine the yield and creep strengths of AMC-SC1 and their results are shown in Table 3 [Bettles, C. et al., AMC-SC1: A New Magnesium Alloy Suitable for Powertrain Applications, Society of Automotive Engineers, 2003, p. 2.]. From Table 3, the most significant point is that the yield strength of AMC-SC1 essentially stays the same at 177 °C as it does at room temperature. Table 3: Yield and creep strengths of magnesium AMC-SC1 at room temperature, 150 °C, and 177 °C [17]. Room temperature 24 °C 150 °C 177 °C Yield strength, MPa 120 116 117 Creep strength, MPa 120 98 This means that the material is able to tolerate a wide range of operating temperatures without a loss in strength. Other properties of the magnesium alloy 10 include good thermal conductivity, excellent machining and casting qualities, and excellent damping characteristics. To demonstrate the significant weight savings of magnesium alloy over cast iron and aluminum alloy, consider BMWs inline-6 R6 (shown in Figure 4), which replaced the companys M54 aluminum engine. Its cylinder block is made of AMC-SC1 and is said to have decreased the weight of a comparably-built gray cast iron and aluminum alloy block by 57% and 24% [Jost, Kevin: BMW builds better inline six, Automotive Engineering International, January 2005, pp. 20-32.]. So far, BMW is the only company to have used magnesium alloy cylinder blocks in production vehicles. But, with a significant weight advantage over the current alloys used today and negligible increase in cost, other manufacturers will begin to consider the use of AMC-SC1 and possibly other grades of magnesium alloys for engine blocks. Figure 4: BMWs 6-cylinder R6 powerplant uses a magnesium alloy AMC-SC1-fabricated cylinder block [Jost, Kevin: BMW builds better inline six, Automotive Engineering International, January 2005, pp. 20-32.]. PRODUCTION PROCESS: STANDARD CASTING WITH SOME MODIFICATIONS: This alloy can be cast using a standard production process, with some modifications. For a magnesium alloy engine to be economically viable, it is not merely the cost of the alloy that is important. The casting process must also be commercially viable. There are several modifications required if an existing casting line of cast iron or aluminum is to be converted to one producing magnesium parts. These can be summarised as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A new inhibitor in the sand cores to prevent reaction between the melt and the sand. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A redesign of the runner and gating system to ensure adequate filling (magnesium alloys have a low heat content). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Preheating of the core package to 150 °C. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Modifications to the core package design to allow low pressure rather than gravity filling and feeding. AM-HP2: AM-HP2 A High Pressure Diecasting Magnesium Alloy: The AM-HP2 magnesium alloy has similar high-temperature strength to AM-SC1 and has been specially tailored for use in the high pressure diecasting process. Like AM-SC1, the light-weight alloy significantly increases fuel-efficiency, environmental sustainability and vehicle agility and is suitable for the powertrain components of vehicles, such as engines blocks etc. Need for New alloy:AM-HP2 AM-HP2 has been specifically developed as a diecasting alloy for high temperature automotive powertrain applications, such as engine blocks, structural sumps and automatic transmission housings. The alloy is based upon the successful sand casting alloy, AM-SC1, with a modified composition to make it suitable for the high pressure die casting process. Commercial Opportunities AM-HP2 Magnesium Alloy in the Auto industry: High pressure diecasting is a highly productive process for mass production of light alloy components. While the casting integrity of sand casting and low pressure/gravity permanent mould castings is higher than high pressure diecasting, the latter technology is cheaper. Thus, this process is gaining popularity among auto manufacturers for casting of aluminium engine blocks. It is also the common process for powertrain components such as transmission housings. There is a strong demand in the automotive industry for a suitable high pressure diecasting magnesium alloy for high volume powertrain applications. AM-HP2 exhibits good diecastability and the required high temperature mechanical properties for engine components (including engine blocks) and automatic transmission housings. It has similar creep properties to alloy, AM-SC1. Advantages of AM-HP2 Magnesium over Other Alloys: A key advantage of AM-HP2 is that the alloy is more diecastable than competitor high temperature creep resistant magnesium alloys.Thus, the alloy can be more readily cast into complex shapes with fewer rejects and a wider operating window. The alloy also has better high temperature creep strength than its competitors and thus offers considerable advantage to engine designers seeking to obtain maximum performance for lowest weight and cost. current status of AM-HP2 magnesium development: Pilot scale diecasting trials and laboratory testing of mechanical properties have demonstrated the suitability of AM-HP2 for mass produced powertrain components. PRODUCTION PROCESSES: 3.2 Casting Processes There are two methods used to cast engine blocks for all materials: green sand molding or lost foam casting. The latter, pioneered by General Motors for their Saturn vehicles, have[11] become more popular due to its capability to produce near net shape components, provide tight tolerances for critical components, and reduce machine maintenance and cost [19]. Green sand molding, however, is still widely used in industry as material costs are low and most metals can be cast by this method [Luther, Norris: Metalcasting and Molding Processes, [Online], 22 March 2005-last visited, Available: http://www.castingsoruce.com/tech_art_metalcasting.asp.]. 3.2.1 Green Sand Molding: Green sand molding the common method to cast engine blocks. The term green denotes the presence of moisture in the molding sand . Figure demonstrates the pattern used in sand casting. The pattern mounted into the moulding box along with the runner and ingate system ready to produce a mould. [http://www.dmdaustralia.com.au/block1.html] From Figure 2, a combination of silica sand, clay, and water poured in one-half of the block pattern with a wood or metal frame. The mold is then compacted by squeezing or jolting, and the process is repeated for the other half of the mold. A core consisting of hardened sand is used for support. Then, molten cast iron, aluminum, or magnesium alloy is poured into the combined molds and solidifies. Once the latter part has been completed, the molds are removed, and the cylinder block is cleaned and inspected. Heat treatment of the block is then undertaken to improve the mechanical properties of the alloy for suitable use. [7]. 12 LOST FOAM CASTING: THE PROCESS: Figure 6: Graphical description of the last 6 of 7 methods of the lost foam casting method [Anonymous, Aluminum Cylinder Block for General Motors Truck/SUV engines, A Design Study in Aluminum Casings, pp. 1-31.] The lost foam casting process uses a expanded polystyrene replica of the part being cast. 1)The coated replica/pattern is placed in a flask and loose sand is placed around the pattern and shaken into its voids. 2)Molten metal is then poured through a foam sprue, or funnel, into the sand where the hot metal melts and displaces the foam of the pattern. 3)the metal cools in the shape of the part. The basic steps of the lost foam casting process are: 1) Pattern Molding Bead Pre expansion and Conditioning, Tool Preheat, Pattern Molding, Pattern Aging 2)Pattern/Cluster Assembly 3)Pattern Coating and Drying 4)Sand Fill and Compaction Metal Casting and Cooling 5)Shakeout, Clean-up, and Finishing Lost foam casting is a more reliable and efficient casting technique of the manufacture of engine blocks than green sand molding. The technique begins with the use of polystyrene beads placed in preexpanders for wet expansion to control bead size and density to produce four separate block moldings to be glued together to form the final mold [7, 19]. Next, the metal tool is preheated to remove any moisture and then filled with the beads. The tool is then heated via steam and placed in an autoclave, where it is subjected to high pressures in order to create the molds [7]. The tool is removed from the autoclave and immersed in water to finish the moldings. Precise control over the heating and cooling aspect ensures dimensionally accurate, smooth and strong molds [Anonymous, Aluminum Cylinder Block for General Motors Truck/SUV engines, A Design Study in Aluminum Casings, pp. 1-31.]. If the tool was not heated before the beads were injected, the results would be rough finishes in the molds with low-strength sections. If the tool and beads stay heated for an extended period of time, or is not cooled enough, the beads become overfused, which produces surface variations in the moldings. If the tool has been inadequately cooled, the molds will contain variations in dimensions [Anonymous, Aluminum Cylinder Block for General Motors Truck/SUV engines, A Design Study in Aluminum Casings, pp. 1-31.]. Figure 3 shows the final half stages of the lost foam casting method. . From Figure 3, once the individual molds are glued together, the assembly is placed in a vat with water-based ceramic liquid to prevent molten metal from destroying the mold, stiffen the assembly, and provide a smooth finish [Anonymous, Aluminum Cylinder Block for General Motors Truck/SUV engines, A Design Study in Aluminum Casings, pp. 1-31.]. The assembly can also be sprayed with the ceramic liquid, but is a time-consuming process. Next, the coated foam engine block is filled with sand,[13] compacted, and immersed in the molten metal alloy. Once cooled, sand is removed from the metal casting, cleaned, and undergoes heat treatment to increase the mechanical properties of the block. Finally, coolant and oil passages are machined into the block. Advantages over conventional sand casting: Unlike conventional sand casting, the lost foam process allows more complex and detailed passages and other features to be cast directly into the part. The lost foam process: 1) Forms complex internal passages and features without cores. 2) Reduces part mass with near net shape capability. 3) Eliminates parting lines. 4) Reduces machining operations and costs. 5)Provides for tight tolerances in critical areas and features. Lost Foam Casting for Fine Features: The lost foam casting process allows more complex and detailed passages and other features to be cast directly into the cylinder block. 1) In the cylinder block, oil galleries, crank case ventilation channels, oil drain back passages, and coolant passages are cast into the block. 2) These features would otherwise require drilling or external plumbing (with a potential for leaks). 3)Lost Foam castings have tighter dimensional tolerances compared to sand castings, because variations caused by core shift and core variability are eliminated and there is much less tool wear over the production life. The direct result is a significant reduction in machining costs and infrastructure investment and fewer opportunities for errors in machining and assembly. A comparison of green sand casting to lost foam casting shows a number of distinct advantages for lost foam: Property Green Sand Casting Lost Foam Casting Complex Internal Features and Part Consolidation Complexity determined by sand core limitations geometry, strength, and cost. Extensive and complex internal features (as small as 0.20) available in lost foam, based on detail duplication and pattern assembly in foam. Dimensional Tolerances +/- 0.030 is typical depending on part size, complexity, and geometry +/- 0.005-0.010 is typical depending on part size, complexity, and geometry. Surface Finish Capabilities 250-600 microinches typical. Depends on grain fineness of sand. 60-250 microinches typical. Depends on bead size and ceramic coating grain fineness. Feature Accuracy Core movement and shift between mold halves across the parting line limit feature accuracy. No cores or mold halves to shift and degrade feature accuracy Parting Line and Draft Angles Parting lines and draft angles are necessary for molding. No parting lines in the mold and minimal draft on tools. Environmental Costs Sand recovery requires binder removal and time consuming sand clean-up Sand is binder free, so it can be easily and rapidly recovered a

Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

Red Badge of Courage Book Report The main point in The Red Badge of Courage is Henry Flemings fear about how he will do in his first skrimish in the Civil War. Henry was a young man who lived on a farm with his mother. He dreamed about what fighting in a war would be like, and dreamed of being a hero. He dreamed of the battles of war, and of what it would be like to fight in those glorious battles. His mother was wise and caring. She did not want him to go to war. She gave him hundreds of reasons on why he was needed on the farm and not in the war. He didn't want to stay in the farm and do nothing, so he enlisted in the miliatary. After joining he found himself, with nothing to do. He became friends with two other soldiers, John Wilson and Jim Conklin. John was an obnoxious soldier, but he becomes one of Henry's best friends. Jim was tall, he was a childhood friend of Henry's. They all were exiceted about going to war. They started marching. After a few days Henry realized that they were going around in circles. They just continued marching without a reason. During this time Henry starts to think differently about war. He becomes scared about running away from a battle. Lieutenant Hasbrouck, a young lieutenant of Henry's regiment was an extremely brave man. He, unlike the other officers, cared about and defended his troops performance, and made sure that they got the recognition they deserved. He was a true leader and Henry and John wanted to be just like him. After a while, they finally discover a battle taking place. Jim gives Henry a yellow envelope with a packet inside. He is sure that he will die, and says that this will be his first and last battle. The troops manage to hold off the rebels during the first attack, but the rebels came back again and again with more reinforcements driving the soldiers back. Henry becomes scared, confuse, and goes into a trance when he sees his forces backing down. He finally gets up and starts to run like a "chicken", who has lost the direction of safety. After he has run away he starts to think about his actions. At first he thinks of himself as a coward for running, and later he feels that he was just saving himself for later. He thinks nature does not want him to die, eventhough his side was losing. He believed he was intelligent to run, and

The Power of Love in Louisa May Alcott Little Women Essay -- Louisa Ma

The Power of Love in Little Women  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Truly, love does work miracles!" (335)   The March family portrayed in Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, was the classic American family. The father is fighting in war, the mother is all knowing and wise and the four daughters are budding seeds of independence. In the beginning of the novel we are introduced to all four of the sisters. Meg, the oldest, is wise and very concerned with class and the styles of the times. Jo was the least like any of her sisters. She longs to be a boy and not have to worry about such petty things as her hair and what she is wearing. Beth is a kind gentle soul who is always contented with what she has. Amy, the youngest, is very conceited. She is always concerned with her looks and who she will marry. "'It's so dreadful to be poor!' sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress. 'I don't think it's fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things and other girls nothing at all,' added little Amy, with an injured sniff. 'We have Father and Mother and each other,' said Beth contentedly, from her corner . . . . Jo immediately sat up, put her hands in her pockets, and began to whistle. 'Don't Jo-it's so boyish!'{Amy said} 'That's why I do it'" (p.3-4). Though different in many ways, they all loved each other. It was, however, love from, and for, other people that changed them all in so many ways. Being the oldest sister, Meg felt a lot of pressure on her to marry into the right class. She longed for pretty things and large house. She wasn't as conceited as Amy, but continually let Jo know how disappointed in her she was. Jo's unladylike tendencies disgusted her. After going to a coming out party for Annie Moffat, Meg was a changed pers... ...n any other love. In her short life she changed many people for the better. The March family survived many hardships and surpassed many obstacles. Without the love for each other, they wouldn't have made so far. Many years later, Mrs. an Mr. March are sitting back, watching their daughters and grandchildren romp in the orchard. They both see how much they have all grown and changed, Mrs. March turn to Mr. March and says, "Truly, love does work miracles! How very, very happy they must be"(335) Work Cited Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women. New York: Signet, 1983. Douglas, Ann. Introduction. Little Women. By Louisa May Alcott. New York: Signet, 1983. vii-xxvii. Elbert, Sarah. A Hunger for Home: Louisa May Alcott and Little Women. Philadelphia: Temple Press, 1984. Hollander, Anne. "Portraying 'Little Women' Through the Ages. New York Times 15 Apr. 1994.

Sexual Identity in Africa Essay -- Sexual Issues

A passionate subject, a cultural and universal practice, a part of the human nature and a divine attribute bestowed upon man by his creator. No culture is superior to another when it comes to sexuality, its acts is everywhere. It doesn’t change the face of any culture or change modernity from moving forward. Sexuality, sexual harassments, sexual dimorphism, sexual orientation, sexual intercourse, gays, lesbians, sexual preferences, sexual rights, sexual selection, sex appeal, being sexy, an endless list of each phrase, briefly coming with one source word; Sex. Sex has been a necessity, even though it is hardly ever discussed. In time past, in every part of the globe, there has always been a universal acknowledgements of the act â€Å"SEX†. Socially, it is an act a man and woman (wife/wives) engaged in after fulfilling the appropriate marriage rites. Politically, in ancient history and in present times, it was and still is the ultimate weapon of seduction that gave/gives most of our prominent women power over their male opponents. Over the years, sexual activities have grown to affect our lifestyles and perspectives (life views) to a great extend. In distinct parts of the world, the concept of sexual expressions and identities took diverse forms. The forms cut across beliefs, religions, perceptions, moral standard and even politics. However, certain things were settled for. According to N.M Heckel, in medieval times, â€Å"Sex was measured, as it is now, to be a normal and natural part of life. Most authorities agreed that it was not intrinsically sinful because God would not have made such a necessary activity to be a taboo (without sex one cannot have children and fulfil the commandment to "increase and multiply, and repleni... ...tisfree/cifamerica/2011/nov/02/america-problem-sex-education> Hoeksema, S. Inclusive Sex Education Needed in African Schools. 11th Nov 2011, 24th April 2012. Web. Heckel, N. Sex Society and Medeival Women. 24th April 2012. Web. http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/medsex/text.htm Meston, C, Ahrold, T. Ehtnic, Gender and Acculturation influences on Sexual Behaviours. DOI 10.1007. 2008. Print. Mirrer, L. Women Jews and Muslims in the texts of Reconquest Castile. University of Michigan press. Michigan. 1996. Print. Neary, L. Homosexuality in Africa is Still a Taboo. 22nd February 2010. 26th April 2012. Web. AUN students. Personal Interview. 14-14th April 2012. Wikipedia. Premarital Sex. 24th April 2012. Web.

Learning Coaching Supporting Young people Essay

1. Understand and implement the mentoring process My experience as a Learning Coach has led my sessions to move on from one to one with each student and can now include Group sessions. Group sessions involving a small group can be as effective when compared to one to one interaction. Before the group is brought together I can decide on which students might interact better with each other, for example a group I have worked with included 2 boys and 2 girls who didn’t know each other well in the school but were all studying the same subject, I considered if any prejudgement would prevent the group from bonding so chose this setup. The first session involved planning the steps that would be involved and purpose for having them in a group environment. I set goal deadline to meet within the group so they were aware of how long the time period would be, in this case 4 sessions over 4 weeks. The goal I had set was to discuss revision techniques and different Learning styles with, by the fourth week I hoped to have achieved an understanding for how they can motivate each other while learning from each other. As a group they had all been properly introduced to one another and indentified key areas they were struggling in with the particular subject they had in common. I used a group exercise where they created two spider diagrams labelling the parts they like and didn’t like in the subject, they were quick to indentify similar areas they were either stronger or weaker in as a group. Following the previous session I had each member of the group complete a VAK (Visual Auditory Kinesthetic) Questionnaire to indentify their own Learning Style. They all came out stronger in the Visual/Auditory side of learning and I showed them techniques such as using diagrams and bright colours, discussing topics as a group and making short notes that can be revisited. Each member of the group seemed keen to get involved and contribute their own ideas as we went along. To keep motivation high I always used positive comments as they worked, having the understanding and deadline established at the beginning helped them reach the goal and work together As the group reached the final session we reviewed the work involved and how they had achieved the understanding of what was set out. I asked them to explain by each of them writing 3 key points they had learned that could involve either what they had learnt about Learning styles or about the subject they had applied them in. Although each member had remembered a different point they realised the potential in working as a group. 2. Be able to organise and initiate mentoring support in group settings For a group to come together efficiently you have to consider how they will function as a whole. Will the members of the group bond immediately or will it take some time to reach a normality. You can help this process come together by developing techniques such as creating a Poster or Spider Diagram together about something in common. This will help ease any tension and allow you to see the more dominant members in the group and who might sit back during the process. Bruce Tuckman developed a model that looks at the stages of group development (Web Ref 1) 1. Forming: The group comes together and gets to initially know one other and form as a group. Can be a very important stage as it allows the group to see who is more dominant and how they will work together. 2. Storming: A chaotic Vying for leadership and trialling of group processes This can lead to confrontation in the group if somebody is seen not to get along with the others. Problems in this area would arise from individuals giving a different opinion or idea on how to do the task set before them. 3. Norming: Eventually agreement is reached on how the group operates (norming) Possibly a leader in the group is set out who takes charge. The group might have specific tasks that each of them are focusing on. 4. Performing: The group practices its craft and becomes effective in meeting its objectives. Now that the group can work together they focus on the tasks and perform what they grouped together to achieve. 5. Adjourning: The process of â€Å"unforming† the group, that is, letting go of the group structure and moving on. As it was important for each of them to get together and understand it’s important to leave the process effectively. They each need to recognise what they have done and hopefully be proud of their achievements. Coming away from a group badly can affect future group processes. (Web Ref 1) This model of how a group evolves with each other briefly describes how they operate from the beginning to the end of the group process. Being the Learning Coach allows you to have a unique position in the group allowing you to take on any position you see suitable. It’s advisable to set ground rules for them to follow, these could be to be open and honest, keeping confidentiality within the group, not letting each other down or just respecting each other. With these sort of ground rules in place you can take a position of just watching the group or be a member of the group, if you feel they need some guidance raise the issue they are concerned with and put them on the right path. It is important to consider what differences might be there for the group, so with the ground rules and having them focus on themselves as a whole and trust and respect each other can be a main focus. With some students coming from different backgrounds and diversity’s or having issues they might not want to talk about in a group environment can put a block on the groups progress. Don’t pressure them into these kind of topics and let the group flow naturally. 3. Analyse the mentoring skills, experience and qualities you used in this group setting. When I deal with any students I always try to be friendly and make them feel comfortable to talk in front of me while being professional. I understand that the students will often look to me for guidance so I make sure not to be judgemental towards any of the group members and give everyone a fair chance. Hopefully this will promote them in doing the same to each other. While my role in the group was more observational I did question them from time to time, making sure they were on the right path and understood what they had said. While talking with them I did try and avoid using questions that lead to a yes or no answer, asking them to explain, once they explained it to me I would try and relate to them personally. My observation in the group kept them disciplined and focused more on the task. I didn’t have to be talking for them to know I was there. I didn’t want to be intimidating them either, I would occasionally agree and give my opinion on something they said to see if I was following correctly and more importantly they knew I wasn’t ignoring them. At the beginning of the time together we set out a goal that they all had in common. Something they all felt they could benefit from. I picked them all for this group originally because of that reason. The goal deadline was set out from the start for them to know when it would definitely be coming to an end. I hoped that from the sessions they would have learned everything they needed to and not need to come back to me. I have always said I keep an open door policy and if they needed to see me individually I would open it up as a new session time and new goal, this way they can understand that it’s not being dragged on from the previous time. 4. Be able to review the outcomes of the mentoring process With my Learning Coach group sessions what went well was discussing the matters with them and being a guide to keep them on the right track. The discipline was always fair and I never had to take any real precautions just focus them on the goal in sight. With future groups I will try to focus more on achieving a greater goal. I possibly set the goal to easily for them to achieve but this is hard to see when you don’t know how the group will work with each other. I would also try and give some kind of reward incentive to give them more of a morale boost throughout the sessions. I didn’t present them with anything that could give them real pride in what they did other than knowing themselves what they achieved. I will consider giving them achievement points on the school system to acknowledge how well they have done. My overall support I felt was just the right amount. I didn’t want to take total control of the group so I focused more on guidance to push them in the right direction. I may possibly in the future take more control of a group if I feel they are not going to achieve their goal within the deadline or not focusing on the task in hand. I would like to involve a different group activity for them to start with. The activity I have given them may not appeal to everyone. I would like to arrange a few activity’s they could pick from. I asked the group afterwards how they felt the process went. They were generally happy with the result but were not sure if they would bother to use it when not in these group sessions. One individual was not happy with not being listened to and felt she would have directed her time in a different area to what the group decided on. I might consider making the groups smaller so that others get a chance to say something rather then just listening to others.

Peter Singer’s Solution to World Poverty

Peter utterers job reveals little tender to the ratifier who has ever been thinking intimately distress and difference in life standards in different democracys.To the sophisticated reader, the main topographic point of focus is the wording and how thoroughly the rock is presented, how effectively the author uses his persona, how effective his manakins atomic number 18, and how well he appeals to his target audience. The main weaknesses of his raise seem to be the ensample that is a little everywheredrawn, failure to reckon for roughly serious possible buttions, and a jolly problematic purpose.To evaluate if this is true, let us see firstly what the purpose of the try out is. vocalizer aims to persuade his readers that they need to give whatever m integrityy they wargon to f completely beyond primary necessities to pilot ladder because non doing so entails killing short(p) children around the domain of a function much corresponding Dora in the Braz ilian movie close to kills the street boy by move him into the hands of the organ peddlers.This, as the entitle implies, would be the firmness of purpose to World need. Basically, the author argues for a redistribution of global gross domestic product via private donations from richer to paltryer nations.The purpose of the essay looks somewhat suspectful. cardinal has to decide what vocalizer is in effect nerve-racking to do. As stated in the second paragraph, he seems to be persuading the audience to donate money to charity. Is he trying to end the world leanness? Or merely raise coin for charity organisations? The two things weed be really different. No one is disallow to think that the simplest way to end mendi earth-closetcy is to redistribute funds through charity.However, this does not address the root causes of indigence genial inequality, underdevelopment of some nations economies, political turmoil in weak democracies that blocks frugal development, and so on.This pushes one into thinking that effective efforts on combating poverty should direct funds towards projects like home improvement, sounder governance policies, and so on. beneficence means giving bread to the poor all the time without teaching them how to quarter bread. It might be wiser to call on professionals having important skills to sacrifice a course or two of their professional railroad motorcareers in order to go to an new(prenominal) nation and share their knowledge with batch there.For instance, a qualityager of the food processing manufactory would do better to go and armed service start a factory somewhere in Africa rather than keep send them the gr depleteer distinguish of his salary in those years. Singer, on the contrary, seems to see donations as the fairish vi open means to end poverty. He does not take into account the efforts of people who work in development projects, and they may be contributing more than to up life quality of people i n developing nations than they would if they stripped their life of TVs and new cars.With his lesson involving docking facility and his car Singer alienates the audience rather than entices it into donating. Bobs situation is indeed different than that of the just American who is ready to give $ two hundred to charity funds. If Bugatti is his own investiture, then his self-coloured future depends upon it.He means it as an investment in his post- privacy future since its rising market value means that he leave alone always be able to handle it and come through comfortably after privacy (Singer 1999). A finance professional can debate the soundness of the decision to perpetrate all ones retirement savings into one object as perishable as the car, especially impetuous it at the same time, but Bob seems determined to follow his outline.His car is his save investment, his way to secure income after retirement. If he loses his car, he lead pass water to live on Social Secu rity benefits that are far from secure now with the iron out looming and all the talk of the future depletion of funds, and if he can count on them, they can really be too niggling to pay even for necessities.The US is a rich nation, but the whole friendly setup encourages Americans to care for themselves on their own, including indemnity schemes and retirement savings. For this reason, Bob may fork up not to give up luxuries he deprives himself of necessities to save the child.The show up of an old man losing his retirement funds and favourite car is far too gloomy to entice those who are eager to share a portion of their pie with starving children. Singer could have do his demands on fellow citizens more rea slantic and less frightening if he had chosen an example more suited to his thesis keeping necessities but let luxuries go in order to render necessities to former(a)s.Another problem with Singers example is that Bob loses His pride and joy (Singer 1999). The car m ay be his only hobby, the hobbyhorse in which he engages with enceinte zest. This should peppy the readers that following Singers strategy they will only be workings day and night, using their high developed-nation income to foster the poor in other countries. No more birthday parties that cost over $200, no more trips to exciting places, and how should an greedy photographer feel buying a new expensive camera?One would be rampd to admit that all the progress of the worlds economy has only produced complete output so that all people can eat enough, and thats it. Leonardo da Vinci probably didnt have to paint his great whole kit and boodle after all if cryptograph is going to travel to museums to see them. Museums and trips are definitely not on the list of necessities, and neither are CDs, books and computers that could store this information.Singer would have a hard time trying to implement his declaration in ingenuousness since it feels like elimination of luxuries ha s the potential to deliver all the cultural progress in world and, even more importantly, disown people the right to enjoy something other than simple meals. Implementation of the solution would force one to produce an exact exposition of what is luxury and what is not, and this is not as open as it seems.Thus, Singers example is repelling rather than attractive to the audience. It tells readers in which situation they might end up donating everything above $20,000 per household to charity desolate in retirement, with hapless lives in which joys are no more than they were in the glassful Age.Imagining that the targets are middle-class Americans, Singer is just ready to force them into paying for charity with these examples and his relentless claim to give up all beyond necessities. Intuitively, he would take a leak higher with pictures of how charity actually kit and boodle and how children are saved with the donations.This is exactly what his motif is missing. Singer make s a concession concerning uncertainties intimately whether assistance will really relieve oneself the people who need it admitting that nobody who knows the world of overseas aid can doubt that such uncertainties exist that is hardly further for anybody willing to give a part of hard-earned money to such organisations (Singer 1999).If $200 works after provisions are made for uncertainties, how much is really enough? $cl? $100? And what exactly are the uncertainties? The first thing that comes to mind is corruption that is so prevalent in developing nations. Does Singer expect hard-working citizens to reduce themselves to a life consisting of bare necessities in order to feed in immoral officials somewhere in Africa or Asia whose children are well off enough to pay their tuition at US universities?This is an important objection, and Singer skips it by implying wearyt care how much they steal, just keep paying them. Singers main emphasis is that people should part with the money because it is wrong for them to have it when so many children are starving. He does not show that this parting actually contributes to lives saved. This, however, is the basic assumption of utilitarian ethics one has to do what works well for other people, not just what is right or moral to do.Singer also fails to account for objections concerning the economic effects of his proposal. One can object that the high life standards of the Western auberge are promoted by the high motif of the people and ingenious system that rewards performance.Westerners are interested in the success of their companies thank to profit-sharing plans, and they are aware that upgrading their education and information new skills will result in higher salaries and better life standards. military man nature can be mean and unworthy, but so far financial reward has been an important stimulator. Singer is in fact suggesting that from now on everybody in the US should start living on $30,000 so that a ho usehold do $100,000 could cut a yearly encumber for $70,000 (Singer 1999).All making different input, getting about the same salaries with the rest redistributed for national good (but also involving corruption) this is something the Soviet unification tried to do, and as is known, they failed on the economic front. It might take a twain of generations before the West lapses into a alike economic crisis for want of motivation and will no longer be able to harbour anybody financially.Thus, Singers argument is failing on some points. First, his solution to world poverty is questionable and therefrom the purpose of the essay looks doubtful to those who support other solutions. Second, his example is not a good analogy since it differs from his stated thesis.In addition, the example paints too gloomy a picture to be attractive to the audience. Besides, despite the professed utilitarianism of the essay, Singer does not go very indistinct into the results of the actions he advoc ates. He also fails to account for objection concerning the so-called uncertainties of overseas aid and economic effects of his proposal.BibliographySinger, Peter. The Singer Solution to World Poverty. The New York Times sunlight Magazine 5 September 1999 60-63. 24 Oct. 05 .

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

You dont need to get a team policy on every aspect of your organization.Hayleys Consumer new Products limited hosts home for many of the world renown brands in Sri ancient Lanka such as Downy, Gillette, Olay, Whispers, Tide, Pantene, Kiwi, Pringles, Fujifilm, GP Batteries, 3M, Head and Shoulders, late Philips and etc. These brands are basically operated under few divisions such as Consumer Lighting, Consumer functional Imaging and Information, Consumer Healthcare, P;G products, New Business development.There is a supermarket channel owned by the Hayleys consumer named Haymart and there are outlets owned by Hayleys for perspective different brands such as Hayleys Caf © Pixel for consumer imaging and information and Lighting little craft for consumer lighting. Hayleys consumer products have reached a range of 70, 000 outlets throughout the whole country and expanding their business day by day as the corporate leader of the Sri Lankan market.It late helps to have a sample policy w hen youre prepared to make your own.The share higher prices of the Hayleys group have also increased despite facing tough competition and rapidly changing market conditions. Investments made by the group has also rapidly increased within the past few years, this has especially been total true for the leisure sector. 2.Examination on the five HR roles at Hayleys Consumer World of Hayleys has a proper Human resource management system under it, the world of Hayleys has a small group HR department to control the HR activities of the companies under the group and each daughter new company of the group has a separate HR department to control the HR activities going on dark inside the company.

Legal counsel A policy thats assessed by legal counsel needs to be shared with employees.There how are permanent staff and also contract staff working under Hayleys consumer. Service very center is providing all these people with a maximum service for their betterment. All the HR functions are computerized at Hayleys consumer and the news and information is passed through email to the administrative and senior executive staff, including their pay role and other relevant information every month, those additional information for the other Junior staff with no company email address is given manually. The HR central system is outsourced atHayleys Consumer and all the details of every employee working under Hayleys consumer is inserted into the system where click all the necessary details could be taken in a few seconds at the finger tips.Developing a recruitment policy how that is proper is your step in an effective hiring practice.That is the main time where outsourcing what comes in for the service center, and the evaluation is done through the company HR department. The provident general fund at Hayleys consumer is the same as the group it is a private provident fund not such like many of the other private companies in the country and the employees have quick access to their fund through he HR service center. . 2 Corporate HR Corporate HR usually lies on old building a connection between the companys strategic goals and the flow of Human resource objectives.

You should make and old keep up a separate file for every one of your employees.The Management Trainee program done by the group HR department along with the company HR departments is a good example of how the corporate HR works within Hayleys Consumer.Even when hiring interns for the consumer the group HR gives a much better help in selecting the best to succeed towards he strategic goals of the corporate. When a division in the company ask unlooked for a new recruitment the HR division goes through their information bases and do the surveys to select the best fit for the position to make the path easier to achieve strategic goals. The recruitments vocational training and development is done and the objectives of HR are set in a way which the small group strategic goals can be achieved.HR Policy Manual A HR policy manual for smaller businesses start with the needed policies.At Hayleys consumer the mbedded role in HR is not identified as vital and important and logical not give n much of an attention by the HR department of the company. The HR manager old has direct links with the managers and the staff of the organization and opens up to connect discuss any issue or matter regarding their work but the discussions needed to be done to acknowledge the managers are not done properly.Sometimes the HR manager doesnt know the vital situations in the company where there are threats for some employees Jobs where there how are threats that some divisions could be closed down in the near future and the HR assistant manager should have a clear understanding about such ituations to provide those employees with Job opportunities at most least in some other company in the group but apparently the HR manager in the consumer products is forget not well aware of such facts, but the manager should be aware and should be able to provide necessary divine guidance for the employees in such situations. .

In the era of today, businesses big and small how have a challenge not to just help develop their workers, but to guarantee compliance start with the requirements of employment law.2. 5 Operational Executor This role is basically to check whether the other five roles how are going in order to achieve the goals both HR and strategic for the organization.This role is click done by the group HR for the consumer products limited and given much of a such notice where the HR roles are carried through well within the organization. Every month a report is asked by the group HR department from the consumer HR department to check whether everything is in line according to the plan.Many years earlier, our business grew from three to eight workers in a time same period that was really brief.Employees need to be favorable and collaborative.

Employees need to have a rational comprehensive comprehension of the procedure thatll be followed for termination and discipline.Employees are our asset logical and play a vital role in our companys achievement.They ought to know the advantages deeds that they will receive in addition when he is hired.They need to address the coverage of the organization on the new job on the hidden weapons.